栽培因素对弱筋小麦绵阳30号品质的影响

为充分发挥弱筋小麦绵阳30号的高产、优质潜力,为大面积推广应用提供参考,特进行了两年的栽培技术研究.研究结果表明:①影响绵阳30号品质的主要因素为:施氮量＞施钾量＞密度,施磷量与追肥时期对品质影响较小.②绵阳30号的优质高效配套栽培技术模式为:播种期为10月20日至11月1日,密度为195.6～205.8万/hm2基本苗,纯氮用量81.9～88.2kg/hm2,P205用量61.5～67.5 kg/hm2,K20用量151.5～164.25kg/hm2,氮肥追肥时期以拔节期为宜(氮肥基追比为7:3).     

幼犬培训要点

警用幼犬培训的实质，就是在一定的遗传基础上，利用外界条件作用于犬机体生长发育过程，塑造出理想的警用神经类型。幼犬培训是受训犬投入训练的前期准备阶段，是关系到能否成为合格受训警犬的前提条件。     

马尾松毛虫越冬幼虫简易序贯抽样模型研究

采用指数曲线拟合方法，研究了马尾松毛虫越冬3－4龄幼虫的p-m关系，得其关系方程为m=0.0431e^6.5703p，制作了p-m简易估计相关数表，以此基础上，采用马占山（1988）的简易序贯抽亲决策模型进行了简易序贯抽样分析，制作了简易序贯抽样分析图、表。另外，本文还提出了“基本抽样数”的概念及其计算公式：qmin=tα^2Pt/(1-Pt）。     

海南香蕉花叶病病毒分离物的研究

对海南产区感染花叶病的香蕉病株进行生物学分离获得一种直径为28—30nm的球形病毒分离物,该分离物汁液接种可引起香蕉花叶症状,并侵染一些黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)的诊断寄主植物,提纯病毒外壳蛋白由一种分子量约为3.2×10~6道尔顿的亚基构成,琼脂免疫双扩散试验表明,该病毒分离物和CMV有血清学关系,根据这些性质该病毒分离物被鉴定为黄瓜花叶病毒。     

Virulence factors and markers in Escherichia coli from calves with bacteremia

Relative pathogenicity of 151 Escherichia coli isolates from 36 calves with bacteremia after necropsy was studied by measurement of the LD50 after mice were inoculated IP with E coli isolates. Study of virulence factors and markers revealed that the pathogenicity of E coli was associated with the production of hydroxamate siderophores and with resistance to serum bactericidal effects. Production of colicins, including colicin V, and of surface antigen 31A was correlated with virulence. The close association between phenotypic expression of virulence factors and markers was consistent with a hypothesis of a localization of genes coding for virulence factors and markers on the same plasmid.     

Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel oxime ether pyrethroids

A series of novel 2-methylthio-3'/4'-substituted acetophenone oxime O-ethers were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding acetophenone oximes with halides of pyrethroid alcohols in the presence of sodium hydroxide and phase-transfer catalysis or with triethyl quaternary ammonium salts of halides of pyrethroid alcohols in the presence of sodium hydroxide. These compounds showed notable insecticidal activity against Homopteran and Lepidopteran pests. 2-Methylthio-4'-fluoroacetophenone oxime O-[(2-methylbiphenyl-3-yl)methyl] ether was more effective than the commercial insecticides chlorfenapyr and fenvalerate.     

Procyanidin and catechin contents and antioxidant capacity of cocoa and chocolate products

Cocoa and chocolate products from major brands were analyzed blind for total antioxidant capacity (AOC) (lipophilic and hydrophilic ORAC(FL)), catechins, and procyanidins (monomer through polymers). Accuracy of analyses was ascertained by comparing analyses on a NIST standard reference chocolate with NIST certified values. Procyanidin (PC) content was related to the nonfat cocoa solid (NFCS) content. The natural cocoa powders (average 87% of NFCS) contained the highest levels of AOC (826 +/- 103 micromol of TE/g) and PCs (40.8 +/- 8.3 mg/g). Alkalized cocoa (Dutched powders, average 80% NFCS) contained lower AOC (402 +/- 6 micromol of TE /g) and PCs (8.9 +/- 2.7 mg/g). Unsweetened chocolates or chocolate liquor (50% NFCS) contained 496 +/- 40 micromol of TE /g of AOC and 22.3 +/- 2.9 mg/g of PCs. Milk chocolates, which contain the least amount of NFCS (7.1%), had the lowest concentrations of AOC (80 +/- 10 micromol of TE /g) and PCs (2.7 +/- 0.5 mg/g). One serving of cocoa (5 g) or chocolate (15 or 40 g, depending upon the type of chocolate) provides 2000-9100 micromol of TE of AOC and 45-517 mg of PCs, amounts that exceed the amount in a serving of the majority of foods consumed in America. The monomers through trimers, which are thought to be directly bioavailable, contributed 30% of the total PCs in chocolates. Hydrophilic antioxidant capacity contributed >90% of AOC in all products. The correlation coefficient between AOC and PCs in chocolates was 0.92, suggesting that PCs are the dominant antioxidants in cocoa and chocolates. These results indicate that NFCS is correlated with AOC and PC in cocoa and chocolate products. Alkalizing dramatically decreased both the procyanidin content and antioxidant capacity, although not to the same extent.     

氯虫苯甲酰胺亚致死剂量对棉铃虫生长发育和解毒酶活性的影响

在室内采用培养基混药法测定氯虫苯甲酰胺亚致死剂量(LC10、LC25和LC50)对棉铃虫生长发育和体内3种解毒酶系的影响。结果表明:各剂量处理3龄幼虫48h后饲养,各处理组当代(F0)3～6龄幼虫历期均比对照组延长0.2～3.8d,但成虫平均历期比对照组缩短0.8～2.5d,子代(F1)1～6龄幼虫历期均比对照组延长0.2～2.6d,成虫平均历期比对照组缩短0.1～0.5d;各剂量处理后,各处理组F0代3～6龄幼虫和蛹的体重、F1代4～6龄幼虫和蛹的体重均比对照组减轻,且剂量越大,体重减轻越显著;各处理组F0代种群趋势指数分别比对照组下降了16.27%、58.51%和71.17%,F1代分别下降了13.66%、52.61%和66.63%;各处理组F0代3～6龄幼虫体内的羧酸酯酶(CarE)和细胞色素P450O-脱乙基酶(P450-ECOD)比活力均高于对照组,其中6龄幼虫这两种酶比活力分别比对照组提高了5%～16%和23%～66%,但各处理组谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)比活力均低于对照组,其中6龄幼虫GSTs比活力分别比对照组降低了16.23%、58.51%和71.17%。表明在LC10～LC50剂量范围内,氯虫苯甲酰胺处理棉铃虫3龄幼虫的亚致死剂量越高,其生长发育受抑制越显著,P450-ECOD和CarE比活力上升越高,GSTs比活力下降也越大。     

引种地被石竹的水分生理特性和抗旱性

以盆栽地被石竹为试材,通过水分胁迫试验,采用Li-6400光合作用系统对地被石竹的水分生理特性和抗旱性进行了研究,结果表明:地被石竹叶片蒸腾速率日变化均表现为单峰曲线,以11:00—12:00蒸腾速率最高,不同季节峰值不同。夏季和秋季地被石竹水分利用率日变化为双峰曲线;春季叶片水分利用率日变化曲线近似单峰曲线。一年中,夏季水分利用率最小,春季和秋季相对较高;影响叶片水分利用率变化的生理生态因子中,春季以气温、光合有效辐射、相对湿度的直接作用最大,夏季为相对湿度、胞间CO2摩尔分数、气温,秋季为胞间CO2摩尔分数;轻度和中度胁迫条件下地被石竹叶片的含水量、水分亏缺和电解质外渗率与对照差异不显著,轻度胁迫与对照叶绿素质量分数差异不显著;地被石竹叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度随水分胁迫程度的加强而降低,水分利用率在轻度水分胁迫下有所提高。     

南方红豆杉叶片性状的遗传变异及相关性研究

为了选育南方红豆杉优良品种,研究南方红豆杉实生后代的遗传变异规律,对福建明溪的南方红豆杉实生后代叶片性状5个方面的遗传变异情况进行调查分析。结果表明:叶宽变异度最大,变异系数为19.05%,其他性状的变异系数在10.46%～16.77%。叶片性状变异表现为连续性变异,属于数量性状遗传;叶片性状的分布表现为正态分布规律,偏倚系数较小;叶片性状多个指标的相关性显著,其中叶长与叶宽呈现极显著性正相关,叶长与叶厚、单位叶片数量,叶宽与叶厚、叶型指数呈现极显著性负相关。